Homo sapiens reached the region around 43,000 BCE. Outrigger boats from the archipelago may have made trade voyages to the east coast of Africa as early as the 1st century CE.ДЇossilised remains of Homo erectus, popularly known as the 'Java Man', suggest the Indonesian archipelago was inhabited two million to 500,000 years ago. The first native scholar to use the name was Ki Hajar Dewantara when in 1913, he established a press bureau in the Netherlands, Indonesisch Pers-bureau.ДЄ Borobudur ship carved on Borobudur temple, c. Adolf Bastian of the University of Berlin popularized the name through his book Indonesien oder die Inseln des Malayischen Archipels, 1884вЂ“1894. However, Dutch academics writing in East Indies publications were reluctant to use Indonesia they preferred Malay Archipelago (Dutch: Maleische Archipel) the Netherlands East Indies (Nederlandsch Oost IndiГ«), popularly IndiГ« the East (de Oost) and Insulinde.ДЄfter 1900, Indonesia became more common in academic circles outside the Netherlands, and native nationalist groups adopted it for political expression. In the same publication, one of his students, James Richardson Logan, used Indonesia as a synonym for Indian Archipelago. In 1850, George Windsor Earl, an English ethnologist, proposed the terms Indunesians-and, his preference, Malayunesians-for the inhabitants of the 'Indian Archipelago or Malay Archipelago'. The name dates to the 18th century, far predating the formation of independent Indonesia. The name Indonesia derives from Greek words of Indos (бјёОЅОґПЊП‚) and nesos (ОЅбї†ПѓОїП‚), meaning 'Indian islands'. The country is a member of several multilateral organisations, including the United Nations, World Trade Organization, G20, and a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, East Asia Summit, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. It is a regional power and is considered a middle power in global affairs. The economy of Indonesia is the world's 16th-largest by nominal GDP and the 7th-largest by PPP. A shared identity has developed with the motto 'Bhinneka Tunggal Ika' ('Unity in Diversity' literally, 'many, yet one'), defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a Muslim-majority population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native ethnic and linguistic groups, with Javanese being the largest. However, it was not until 1949 that the Dutch recognised Indonesia's sovereignty following an armed and diplomatic conflict between the two. The concept of 'Indonesia' as a nation-state emerged in the early 20th century, culminating later in the proclamation of Indonesian Independence in 1945. Although sometimes interrupted by the Portuguese, French and British, the Dutch were the foremost colonial power for much of their 350-year presence in the archipelago. Sunni traders and Sufi scholars brought Islam, while Christianity was brought mostly through European explorers. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign influences from the early centuries, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. The Indonesian archipelago has been a valuable region for trade since at least the 7th century when Srivijaya and later Majapahit traded with entities from mainland China and the Indian subcontinent. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity. Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as a maritime border with Singapore, Vietnam, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India (Andaman and Nicobar Islands). The country's capital, Jakarta, is the world's second-most populous urban area. It has 34 provinces, of which five have special status. Indonesia is a presidential, constitutional republic with an elected legislature. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. With about 270 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Indonesia is the world's largest island country and the 14th-largest country by area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles). It consists of over seventeen thousand islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia (/ЛЊЙЄndЙ™Л€niЛђК’Й™/ (About this soundlisten) IN-dЙ™-NEE-zhЙ™), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia (About this soundlisten)), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.

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